T211 Quercus suber forest

New search

Description

These broadleaved evergreen forests prevail in siliceous areas with a wet and warm Mediterranean climate, more rainy in winter than those favored by T21z but too dry in summer for T1Bx and with winters too mild to damage evergreen leaves and give way to T19A. Consequently, they are quite widespread in the lowlands of southern Galicia and northern Portugal, often alternating with T1Bx (which occurs in flat or less steep, north-oriented areas with deeper soils). Following the gradient of higher summer precipitation and abundance of calcareous substrates, eastwards they become increasingly rare and increasingly associated to drought-prone topographies, being still relatively common in inland western Asturias and El Bierzo, very local in Liébana and truly exceptional in the Basque country.

Floristic Composition

Frequent species

Quercus suber 1, Teucrium scorodonia 0.71, Arbutus unedo 0.67, Pteridium aquilinum 0.56, Cistus salviifolius 0.54, Ruscus aculeatus 0.5, Calluna vulgaris 0.5, Cytisus scoparius 0.5, Ulex europaeus aggr. 0.48, Erica arborea 0.48, Daphne gnidium 0.44, Crataegus monogyna 0.42, Glandora diffusa 0.42, Arenaria montana 0.42, Rubia peregrina 0.42, Hedera helix aggr. 0.4, Rubus ulmifolius 0.38, Halimium alyssoides 0.33, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum aggr. 0.33, Dioscorea communis 0.31, Jasione montana 0.29, Erica cinerea 0.29, Lotus corniculatus 0.29, Erica umbellata 0.29, Polypodium vulgare 0.29, Quercus robur 0.29, Lonicera periclymenum 0.27, Phillyrea angustifolia 0.25, Cistus inflatus 0.25, Quercus rotundifolia 0.25, Ulex minor aggr. 0.25, Brachypodium sylvaticum 0.23, Digitalis purpurea 0.23, Osyris alba 0.23, Dactylis glomerata 0.23, Corynephorus canescens 0.23, Vulpia myuros 0.21, Pyrus communis 0.21, Helictotrichon thorei 0.21, Laurus nobilis 0.21, Lavandula pedunculata 0.21, Simethis mattiazzii 0.21, Daboecia cantabrica 0.21, Carex distachya 0.19, Genista triacanthos 0.19, Ilex aquifolium 0.19, Viola riviniana aggr. 0.19, Anarrhinum duriminium 0.17, Quercus pyrenaica 0.17, Clinopodium vulgare 0.17, Euphorbia amygdaloides 0.17, Andryala integrifolia 0.17, Luzula forsteri 0.15, Sesamoides purpurascens 0.15, Crepis capillaris 0.15, Genista tridentata 0.15, Silene coutinhoi 0.13, Helichrysum stoechas 0.13, Pimpinella villosa 0.13, Pinus pinaster 0.13, Tuberaria guttata 0.13, Brachypodium pinnatum 0.1, Arum italicum 0.1, Centaurea paniculata aggr. 0.1, Cytisus striatus 0.1, Umbilicus rupestris 0.1, Prunus spinosa 0.1, Carlina corymbosa 0.08, Thymus vulgaris 0.08, Teucrium chamaedrys 0.08, Briza maxima 0.08, Stachys officinalis 0.08, Anthoxanthum amarum 0.08, Spiraea hypericifolia 0.08, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 0.08, Sedum forsterianum 0.08, Anthoxanthum odoratum 0.08, Sanguisorba verrucosa 0.08, Quercus faginea 0.08, Erica vagans 0.08, Erica scoparia 0.08, Cytisus multiflorus 0.08, Juniperus oxycedrus 0.08, Aira caryophyllea 0.08, Dorycnium pentaphyllum 0.08, Genista scorpius 0.08, Genista hispanica 0.08, Pistacia terebinthus 0.08, Origanum vulgare 0.08, Genista falcata 0.08, Frangula alnus 0.08, Thymelaea ruizii 0.08, Erica australis 0.06, Glebionis segetum 0.06, Geranium purpureum 0.06, Anarrhinum bellidifolium 0.06, Tolpis barbata aggr. 0.06, Hyacinthoides hispanica 0.06, Cistus ladanifer 0.06, Lavandula stoechas 0.06, Asplenium trichomanes 0.06, Cistus populifolius 0.06, Reseda media 0.06, Lonicera etrusca 0.06, Hypochaeris radicata 0.06, Hypericum perforatum 0.06, Hyacinthoides non-scripta 0.06, Halimium umbellatum 0.06, Castanea sativa 0.06

Phytosociology

  • Arenario montanae-Quercetum suberis
  • Hedero hibernicae-Quercetum suberis
  • Physospermo cornubiensis-Quercetum suberis

Regional distribution

Known occurrences and potential area of occupancy of the habitat type in the study region.
© 2025 IBEROATLANTICA
Citation: IBEROATLANTICA – Flora and Habitats of the Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion.
www.IberoAtlantica.eu