T1D1 Iberian acidophilous birch forests

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Description

The small, winged, highly mobile seeds of birches, in combination with their vast array of fungal partners, turn them into an efficient pioneer tree species on acid soils, promptly colonising any clearing and, in particular, being the most likely arboreal plants overshadowing S353 and regenerating forest conditions. Later-arriving, larger-seeded species like those dominating T121, T1Bx and T182, more competitive in the shady and root-crowed conditions of the understorey, eventually prevail.

Floristic Composition

Frequent species

Betula celtiberica 1, Holcus mollis 0.8, Teucrium scorodonia 0.77, Quercus robur 0.76, Lonicera periclymenum 0.72, Pteridium aquilinum 0.69, Salix atrocinerea 0.62, Hedera helix aggr. 0.59, Blechnum spicant 0.57, Erica arborea 0.56, Athyrium filix-femina 0.49, Frangula alnus 0.44, Dryopteris affinis 0.44, Agrostis capillaris 0.42, Deschampsia cespitosa aggr. 0.39, Carex reuteriana 0.35, Viola riviniana aggr. 0.34, Euphorbia dulcis 0.34, Stellaria holostea 0.33, Brachypodium pinnatum 0.31, Castanea sativa 0.31, Senecio bayonnensis 0.31, Dactylis glomerata 0.3, Digitalis purpurea 0.29, Saxifraga spathularis 0.29, Omphalodes nitida 0.29, Viola palustris 0.29, Oenanthe crocata 0.26, Vaccinium myrtillus 0.25, Corylus avellana 0.24, Arrhenatherum elatius 0.24, Dryopteris dilatata 0.23, Ajuga reptans 0.22, Luzula sylvatica 0.22, Polypodium vulgare 0.21, Carex laevigata 0.2, Centaurea nigra 0.2, Osmunda regalis 0.2, Ilex aquifolium 0.18, Avenella flexuosa 0.18, Crocus serotinus 0.18, Acer pseudoplatanus 0.16, Angelica laevis 0.16, Sorbus aucuparia 0.16, Crepis lampsanoides 0.15, Alnus glutinosa aggr. 0.15, Oxalis acetosella 0.13, Primula acaulis 0.13, Pyrus cordata 0.13, Cytisus scoparius 0.13, Dryopteris aemula 0.12, Fraxinus excelsior 0.12, Lamium maculatum 0.12, Ulex minor aggr. 0.12, Rubus ulmifolius 0.12, Crataegus monogyna 0.12, Genista florida 0.12, Ranunculus repens 0.11, Quercus pyrenaica 0.11, Rumex acetosa 0.11, Melampyrum pratense 0.11, Daboecia cantabrica 0.11, Heracleum sphondylium 0.1, Juncus effusus 0.1, Cirsium palustre 0.1, Adenostyles alpina 0.1, Hypericum androsaemum 0.1, Veronica chamaedrys 0.09, Sambucus nigra 0.09, Stachys officinalis 0.09, Euphorbia amygdaloides 0.09, Narcissus minor 0.09, Scrophularia auriculata 0.08, Silene dioica 0.08, Lathyrus linifolius 0.08, Potentilla erecta 0.08, Hyacinthoides non-scripta 0.08, Helictotrichon thorei 0.08, Aquilegia vulgaris aggr. 0.07, Allium victorialis 0.07, Thelypteris limbosperma 0.07, Caltha palustris 0.07, Saxifraga lepismigena 0.07, Valeriana dioica 0.07, Galium mollugo aggr. 0.07, Prunella vulgaris 0.07, Cardamine pratensis 0.07, Anthoxanthum amarum 0.07, Agrostis castellana 0.06, Prunus spinosa 0.06, Molinia caerulea 0.06, Arenaria montana 0.06, Dryopteris borreri 0.06, Brachypodium sylvaticum 0.06, Dryopteris filix-mas 0.06, Cirsium filipendulum 0.06, Peucedanum lancifolium 0.06, Ulex europaeus aggr. 0.06

Phytosociology

  • Carici reuterianae-Betuletum celtibericae
  • Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Betuletum pubescentis
  • Holco mollis-Betuletum celtibericae
  • Rhamno frangulae-Betuletum celtibericae
  • Violo palustris-Betuletum pubescentis

Regional distribution

Known occurrences and potential area of occupancy of the habitat type in the study region.
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Citation: IBEROATLANTICA – Flora and Habitats of the Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion.
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